Lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections caused by bacteria from a dog's skin or digestive tract entering the urinary system. These bacteria bypass the urinary tract's natural barriers, establish themselves in the tract, and multiply to cause infection. Because dogs cannot tell us when they are feeling unwell, recognizing the signs of a UTI early is important for getting prompt treatment and preventing more serious complications.
Which Dogs Are Most Prone to UTIs?
Some dogs are more likely to develop UTIs than others. Senior dogs are at increased risk because age-related conditions can trigger or contribute to infections. These conditions include loss of muscle tone in the bladder, Cushing's disease, diabetes, and kidney stones that irritate the bladder lining. Female dogs are also more prone to UTIs because they have a shorter urethra — the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body — which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
How to Tell If Your Dog Has a UTI
While every dog is different and some may not show obvious symptoms, there are several common signs that may indicate a urinary tract infection. These include drinking more water than usual, cloudy or bloody urine, excessive licking of the genital area, more frequent urination or urinating in small volumes, fever, straining or whimpering while urinating, lethargy, and more accidents or loss of bladder control such as urinating in the house.
If your dog begins to show any of these symptoms, consult your veterinarian as soon as possible. If left untreated, a UTI can develop into a more serious infection in the bladder and kidneys. Your veterinarian may also want to investigate underlying causes of the infection, particularly in senior dogs.
How to Treat a UTI in Older Dogs
When you bring your dog to the veterinarian for a suspected UTI, they will typically recommend a urinalysis to test for bacteria and confirm the infection. It is helpful to bring a fresh urine sample in a clean container when you visit.
Once the infection is confirmed, your veterinarian will likely prescribe a course of antibiotics. It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics even if your dog appears to improve before the medication is finished. Stopping early can allow the infection to return. If your dog has difficulty taking pills, try hiding the medication in a small treat.
During recovery, make sure your dog is drinking plenty of water by placing multiple bowls around the house and encouraging them to drink more than usual. Increased fluid intake helps flush bacteria through the urinary tract. Rest is also important — keep walks short and slow during the recovery period. Your veterinarian may schedule a follow-up appointment after the antibiotics are finished for a second urinalysis to confirm the infection has fully cleared.
How to Help Prevent UTIs
There is no guaranteed way to prevent UTIs in senior dogs, as there are many different causes of infection. However, several steps can help maintain a healthy bladder and urinary tract. Ensure your dog always has access to fresh, clean water. Provide frequent opportunities to go outside to urinate — holding urine for extended periods allows bacteria more time to establish in the urinary tract. Check regularly to make sure the area around your dog's urinary opening and rear end is clean, especially in female dogs. Monitor for early symptoms, as catching a UTI early leads to faster treatment and a better outcome.
If your dog is showing any signs of a urinary tract infection, consult your veterinarian as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment.
