Manual anal gland expression is a skill that many pet parents can learn with patience and proper technique. Providing this relief at home reduces the stress of frequent veterinary visits for your dog and helps you recognize when a problem requires professional clinical attention.
Most dogs naturally express their anal glands during bowel movements. However, you may find yourself asking how to express dog's glands at home or what happens if you don't express a dog's glands? Consulting with your veterinarian is the best way to establish an appropriate care routine for your dog's anal glands.
This guide covers everything you need to know: how to recognize the signs dog needs glands expressed, proper technique, when to see your vet, and how to reduce the need for manual expression entirely.
Understanding the function of your dog's anal glands
Anal glands, technically referred to as anal sacs, are small sacs located on either side of the dog's anus. These are positioned at approximately the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. They produce an oily, pungent fluid used for scent-marking and territory identification.
Dogs express their anal glands naturally during bowel movements as firm stool applies pressure to the anal sacs. Maintaining healthy anal glands is a priority, and feeding a diet with adequate fiber supports this natural process. Fiber promotes healthy digestion and helps form the firm, bulky stools required for natural expression.
Keeping your dog at a healthy body weight reduces the risk of anal gland problems. Certain breeds, such as Bulldogs, Chihuahuas, and Cocker Spaniels, are more prone to anal gland issues. Factors such as soft stools or obesity prevent the glands from emptying properly. When this fluid builds up, it becomes thick and irritating.
Recognizing the signs your dog needs anal gland expression
Not all dogs need their glands expressed. However, if the anal sacs become overfilled or impacted, your dog will show specific behaviors.
Key signs include:
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Chronic scooting: Dragging the rear across the carpet or grass.
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Excessive licking: Biting or licking at the tail base or rear end (area excessively).
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Fishy odor: A persistent, unpleasant odor indicating the glands are full or leaking.
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Apparent pain: Difficulty when sitting or defecating.
Signs that require immediate veterinary care include extreme pain, bloody discharge, and open sores near the anus. If the anal glands do not empty properly, they swell and become incredibly painful. If left untreated, these can lead to serious medical issues.
How to express dog anal glands at home: step by step
Choose a location that is easy to clean, such as a bathtub, as the fluid has a very strong scent. While pet parents can express their dog's anal glands at home, professional help is recommended if you are unsure. The process involves gently squeezing the small sacs to release built-up fluid.
To manually express your dog's anal glands, use a gloved index finger to locate the glands and apply gentle pressure. Routine expression should only be performed as needed, as unnecessary expression causes irritation and damage.
Step 1: Gather your supplies
Preparation ensures a stress-free experience for both you and your pet. You will need:
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Disposable gloves: High-quality latex or nitrile.
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Lubricant: Petroleum jelly or a water-soluble lubricant.
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Paper towel: Plenty of clean towels or gauze pads.
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Soap: Mild dog-safe soap for cleanup.
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Treats: A high-value reward for your dog.
Step 2: Position your dog safely
Stability is essential: Have your dog stand on a stable surface. It is helpful to have a second person steady the dog's head to prevent them from sitting down, which could risk accidental pinching or bruising.
Step 3: Locate the anal glands
Find the clock positions: Put on your gloves and apply lubricant. Imagine the dog's anus as the center of a clock. You should feel two firm, pea-sized or grape-sized lumps at the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions.
Step 4: Apply gentle pressure
External expression: Place a paper towel over the dog’s anus to catch the anal gland secretions. Using your thumb and forefinger, gently grasp the glands from the outside. Apply firm but gentle pressure, squeezing the glands toward each other and toward the anal opening.
Important: If you encounter resistance, if the fluid contains blood, or if your dog reacts with intense pain, stop immediately and contact your veterinarian.
Step 5: Clean up and deodorize
Neutralize the scent: Clean the area with mild soap and warm water. We recommend Glandex Wipes, which are veterinarian-formulated with natural enzymes to neutralize odors and soothe delicate skin.
Video Walkthrough
This step-by-step video demonstrates the external expression technique described above.
When to stop: impaction, infection, and abscess
Home expression is for routine maintenance only. Anal gland impaction occurs when fluid becomes too thick to pass through the duct. If left untreated, bacteria grow within the trapped fluid, leading to an anal gland infection.
An infected gland often feels hot, looks red, and is extremely painful. The most severe stage is an anal gland abscess, which causes significant swelling. If an anal gland abscess is left untreated, it may progress to a ruptured anal gland abscess. This results in severe pain and a foul odor. Professional intervention is required for these complications.
Why manual expression is not a long-term solution
Manual expression provides temporary relief but does not address why the glands failed to empty naturally. Relying solely on this method can lead to decreased efficiency and scar tissue in the ducts.
The most effective long-term approach combines hygiene, exercise, and targeted nutritional support. By improving stool quality, you help the body perform its natural expression function, reducing the need for manual intervention.
Supporting natural anal gland expression
The key to health is firm stools that naturally express the glands during every bowel movement. A combination of dietary fiber, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory support provides the foundation for this.
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Glandex Soft Chews: Feature a patented blend of soluble and insoluble fibers to promote firm stools.
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Glandex Advanced Vet Strength: Provides a higher-potency formula for chronic anal gland issues.
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Glandex Powder: Ideal for picky eaters and can be mixed directly into food.
Maintaining a healthy weight and ensuring regular exercise also support healthy digestion and natural expression. Most pet parents see a noticeable difference in scooting and discomfort within 3 to 5 weeks of consistent use.
Preventing anal gland cancer
Anal gland cancer is a serious threat to your dog’s well being. The best prevention is a proactive approach centered on regular veterinary check-ups.
Routine visits allow for early detection of abnormal changes, such as swelling or lumps, which can be early warning signs. Addressing anal gland impaction, infection, or abscesses promptly is crucial, as chronic untreated issues may increase the risk of cancerous changes. Early intervention and consistent care are your best defenses against anal gland cancer.
