Yeast is a type of fungus that lives in your dog’s body. Under the right circumstances, it’s a healthy part of your dog’s microbiome. Under the wrong circumstances, it can become an unwelcome guest. Most commonly found on the skin, in the ears, and along mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, yeast plays an important role in maintaining balance within your dog’s microbiome. Unfortunately, this balance can be easily disrupted, leading to infections that cause discomfort, inflammation, and other health complications for your dog.
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Yeast is a single-celled fungus that reproduces rapidly in warm, moist environments. Unlike bacteria, yeast doesn’t need sunlight to grow, allowing it to thrive in dark, damp places like dogs’ ear canals, between toes, and in skin folds. The most common yeast species affecting dogs is Malassezia pachydermatis. This opportunistic organism is naturally present in small amounts on most dogs, but an overgrowth can cause infections.
While Malassezia pachydermatis is the primary yeast linked to skin and ear infections, other fungal species like Candida can occasionally overgrow, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Each type of yeast has unique characteristics, but it’s common for the symptoms they cause to overlap.
Your dog’s microbiome is a community of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms living in harmony, working together to support overall health. As a fungi, yeast is a normal part of this ecosystem, helping to maintain balance and prevent harmful pathogens from multiplying. However, changes in your dog’s health or environment can disrupt this balance, leading to excessive yeast growth.
When your dog’s immune system is weakened, the usual safeguards that keep fungal growth in check can falter, allowing an overgrowth to happen more easily. Triggers include seasonal allergies, hormonal imbalances, and environmental factors such as heat and humidity. Most yeast infections are localized to the skin or ears, where they can cause significant discomfort for your pet without timely diagnosis and treatment.
Yeast infections in dogs can be caused by a variety of internal and external factors. By understanding the common causes, you can take proactive steps to reduce your dog’s risk of developing these infections.
Several underlying health conditions and specific breeds make some dogs more susceptible to yeast infections than others. In most cases, addressing certain factors can help prevent recurrence:
Seasonal allergies can compromise your dog’s skin barrier by causing cracks and weaknesses where yeast can thrive. One example is atopic dermatitis, a common allergic skin condition that’s often linked to yeast overgrowth. Common allergens include pollen, mold, dust mites, and food ingredients like chicken or grains.
A weakened immune system leaves dogs more vulnerable to yeast infections. Dogs undergoing chemotherapy, living with autoimmune diseases, or recovering from illness often experience microbial imbalances that weaken the immune system and allow yeast to flourish.
Dogs with hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease have a higher risk of getting yeast infections because these conditions alter the skin's natural defenses and affect oil production, making it easier for yeast to grow out of control. Hormonal imbalances also suppress immune function, which can make matter worse.
Your dog’s environment plays a big role in promoting–and preventing–yeast infections.
Yeast thrives in moisture-rich environments. Dogs frequently exposed to wet grass, puddles, or damp bedding are at risk. Breeds with skin folds or flaps, such as Bulldogs or Shar-Peis, are especially susceptible in humid climates.
Not grooming enough can lead to a buildup of oils and debris, feeding yeast and creating ideal conditions for overgrowth. On the other hand, overbathing with harsh shampoos can strip away protective oils, disrupting the skin’s microbiome.
Yeast infections are often linked to diet, especially in dogs with sensitivities or allergies.
Carbohydrates break down into sugars, which yeast uses for energy, which means dogs on high-carb diets containing excessive grains or fillers may experience more frequent yeast overgrowth.
Certain foods can trigger inflammation in sensitive dogs, weakening the skin’s defenses. Protein sources like beef, chicken, or dairy are common food allergens for dogs that can contribute to yeast infections.
If you want to prevent yeast infections, start by addressing these underlying causes. A healthy diet, regular grooming, and proactive care for allergies or hormonal conditions can significantly reduce your dog’s risk.
Yeast infections might look different depending on where they are on your dog’s body. Symptoms like redness and itching are common to all types of yeast infections, but different areas of the body might present unique symptoms. By knowing these signs and recognizing them early, you can help your canine avoid complications and find relief as soon as possible.
Skin yeast infections are often the first sign of an overgrowth problem. Dogs with skin infections may show symptoms like
Yeast overgrowth irritates the skin, causing your dog to repeatedly scratch, bite, or rub the affected areas.
Yeast infections alter the skin’s oil production, resulting in greasy or waxy patches on the skin.
Chronic yeast infections can lead to thickened, leathery skin and hyperpigmentation (dark spots). Dandruff-like flakes might also pop up in affected areas
Excessive scratching or biting can lead to hair loss around areas where infection is present.
Yeast can be a common issue in the ears, especially for breeds with long or floppy ear anatomy. The ear canal is warm and moist––ideal conditions for fungal growth. Look for:
Dogs with ear infections often shake their heads or tilt them to one side to alleviate discomfort.
Red, inflamed ears accompanied by frequent scratching are classic signs of yeast otitis (yeast-related ear infection).
Yeast infections produce a musty smell and a waxy discharge that can appear yellow, brown, or black.
Paws are another common site for yeast infections, especially in dogs that lick or chew their feet too much. Symptoms include:
The skin between the toes becomes inflamed and tender.
Dogs may obsessively lick their paws, sometimes causing secondary wounds or infections.
Chronic infections can stain the fur and create a strong, yeast-like smell.
Understanding these symptoms is critical for early intervention and getting your canine’s health and comfort back on track. If you notice any of these signs, make an appointment with your veterinarian to confirm the diagnosis and start treatment as soon as possible.
Diagnosing yeast infections in dogs requires careful evaluation by your veterinarian; they’re the only one who can recommend the right treatments for what’s ailing your dog.
While some symptoms of yeast infections—such as itching, redness, and odor—are obvious, they can overlap with other conditions like bacterial infections, allergies, or parasitic infestations. Your vet will run diagnostic tests to determine if it’s yeast or something else causing your pet’s symptoms. The common tools and techniques veterinarians might use for testing include:
During a physical exam, the veterinarian inspects affected areas for signs of yeast overgrowth: greasy skin, discolored fur, or characteristic musty odors. Observing your dog’s behaviors, such as head shaking or paw licking, can offer further clues.
This involves collecting a sample from the infected area of skin using a swab or scrape. The sample is stained and viewed under a microscope to confirm or rule out the presence of yeast.
A piece of adhesive tape is pressed onto the skin to capture yeast cells. This quick, non-invasive test is useful for detecting yeast in areas like folds or between the toes.
For ear infections, your veterinarian will collect discharge from the ear canal and examine it under a microscope. This helps distinguish yeast from other potential culprits, such as ear mites or bacteria.
In persistent cases–or when a clear cause can’t be found–your vet might want to take a fungal culture. This involves growing the yeast in a lab setting to identify the specific species and determine its susceptibility to treatments.
Accurate diagnosis ensures that your dog receives the correct treatment, reducing the risk of complications and improving recovery time.
Treating yeast infections in dogs requires a combination of topical, oral, and environmental strategies. Each treatment should be tailored to the severity and location of the infection to make sure your dog is getting exactly the right amount of care they need.
While mild cases can respond well to topical treatments like ointments, sprays, and shampoos, chronic (ongoing) or systemic (affecting the whole body) infections require a more comprehensive approach. Early detection and treatment is key to preventing long-term discomfort and complications.
Topical solutions are the first line of defense against yeast infections. Topical treatments are applied directly to the affected areas to help target fungal activity. Popular options include:
Shampoos made with chlorhexidine or miconazole can help target yeast on large areas of skin. Wipes are great for localized spots or skin folds that need concentrated treatment.
For small, localized infections, antifungal creams can quickly target symptoms and help clear the infection.
Medicated ear cleaners are helpful for removing wax and debris while delivering antifungal ingredients into the delicate ear canal.
Soaking your dog’s paws in antifungal solutions like povidone-iodine or diluted chlorhexidine can help combat yeast in hard-to-reach areas between the toes. Your veterinarian can help you determine the right ratio of ingredients to avoid further irritating tender skin.
Ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole are the most common treatments prescribed for yeast infections in dogs. These medications target yeast throughout the body, including skin, ears, and paws.
Oral antifungal medications will only be prescribed by your veterinarian for severe or widespread infections.
Chronic yeast infections can cause inflammation that slows the recovery process, making anti-inflammatory drugs important for helping to reduce swelling and promote healing.
While veterinary care is crucial, there are a few home remedies that can complement treatment.
Applied topically, coconut oil can soothe irritation and offer natural antifungal properties.
Diluted in water, ACV serves as an effective rinse for yeast-prone areas like paws and skin folds.
Probiotics support gut health, which indirectly helps regulate yeast overgrowth.
The length of time to treat a yeast infection depends on the severity of the infection. Mild cases may resolve within 2–4 weeks, while chronic infections may require longer care. Most veterinarians will schedule follow-up visits to ensure the infection resolves as expected, and to reduce the risk of it coming back.
Preventing yeast infections in dogs requires a proactive approach that addresses hygiene, diet, and overall health. By creating an environment that is unfriendly to yeast, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of infections. Here’s how:
Helping your dog maintain a clean, dry coat is crucial for a dog's skin health. Regular bathing with a gentle, dog-friendly shampoo can help remove excess oils and debris. Pay special attention to areas prone to moisture, such as ears, folds, and paws. For dogs with thick coats, drying thoroughly after bath time or swimming is vital to preventing the damp conditions that encourage yeast growth.
Moist environments promote yeast growth. Use absorbent towels or pet-safe drying sprays and wipes to eliminate moisture after your dog has been in water or humid conditions. Be sure to focus on those same moisture-prone areas: ears, folds, and paws.
Yeast thrives on sugars and carbohydrates. Feeding a low-carb, grain-free diet can help prevent overgrowth; just remember to consult your veterinarian before abruptly changing your dog’s diet. To support a healthy gut microbiome, you can also incorporate probiotic-rich foods or probiotic supplements into your dog’s diet.
Routine exams help your veterinarian catch early signs of yeast overgrowth and address any underlying health conditions, such as allergies or hormonal imbalances, before they lead to infections.
If your dog has allergies, hypothyroidism, or another condition that puts them at higher risk for yeast infections, work with your veterinarian to develop a tailored treatment and prevention plan.
Skin, paw, and ear infections might be the most common yeast-related problems in dogs, but yeast can also overgrow in other areas of the body. Familiarizing yourself with these less-common types of yeast infections can help you stay ahead of potential risks.
“Pododermatitis” refers to inflammation of the paws, where yeast is a frequent issue. Dogs prone to seasonal allergies–or those frequently exposed to wet environments–are at higher risk.
Red, itchy paws, swelling between the toes, and excessive licking or chewing. Chronic cases may cause a strong odor and discoloration of fur around the paws.
Moisture trapped between the toes, seasonal allergies, or secondary infections caused by cuts or abrasions.
Excess moisture and poor grooming habits can lead to yeast infections in the genital region, especially in dogs with long hair or skin folds in this area.
Redness, irritation, excessive licking, and foul odor.
Poor hygiene, hormonal imbalances, or conditions like diabetes, which can alter the microbiome balance
Dysbiosis occurs when the balance of good and bad microorganisms in the gut is disrupted. Yeast overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract often results from antibiotic use or diets high in carbohydrates.
Diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and poor appetite. Dogs may also show signs of lethargy, or their coat may take on a dull appearance.
Antibiotics, which can kill beneficial gut bacteria, or immune suppression due to illness.
Trauma or excessive moisture can create an environment for yeast to thrive around the nails.
Swollen, red nail beds; brittle nails; and pain during walking or paw handling.
Injuries, overgrown nails, or walking on wet surfaces.
Yeast infections in the nose or mouth are rare, but can occur more often in immunocompromised dogs.
Bad breath, inflamed gums, nasal discharge, or sneezing.
Spread of yeast from nearby areas, such as ears or skin, or immune suppression.
Systemic yeast infections occur when yeast spreads throughout the body, often due to a severely compromised immune system. These cases are rare but serious.
Lethargy, fever, weight loss, and poor overall health.
Advanced chronic illnesses or treatments like chemotherapy, which suppress the immune system.
Letting your veterinarian know about any of these symptoms is important for getting your dog the support they need, especially for these less common types of yeast infections. Addressing underlying causes and creating a custom treatment plan with your vet can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life.
Skin, paw, and ear infections might be the most common yeast-related problems in dogs, but yeast can also overgrow in other areas of the body. Familiarizing yourself with these less-common types of yeast infections can help you stay ahead of potential risks.
Yeast infections often present with greasy or oily skin, a musty odor, and brown or black ear discharge.
Bacterial infections are more likely to involve pus, swelling, and yellow or green discharge.
Yeast infections cause itching and redness, but no visible parasites.
Parasitic infestations typically show evidence of mites, fleas, or ticks, along with localized hair loss and intense scratching.
Yeast infections affect moist areas and are greasy to the touch.
Ringworm appears as circular, scaly patches of hair loss and is highly contagious to humans and other animals.
Ear mites cause intense itching and a coffee-ground-like discharge, while yeast infections produce a waxy discharge that smells yeasty or beer-like.
Diagnosis requires an ear swab to identify the presence of mites under a microscope.
If you’re unsure about the symptoms you’re seeing, partner with your vet to get the correct diagnosis and start treatment as soon as possible.
Diet plays a major role in preventing and managing yeast infections. Yeast thrives on sugar and carbohydrates, so feeding your dog a balanced, low-carb diet can help keep it in check.
Lean meats like chicken, turkey, or fish provide essential nutrients for healthy skin and immune function.
Yogurt (unsweetened) or vet-approved probiotic supplements support gut health, which can help balance yeast levels.
Foods containing omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil or flaxseed, can help target inflammation and support skin health.
Avoid grains like wheat, corn, and rice, and any treats or foods with added sugar. Sugar = carbs, and carbs feed yeast, contributing to overgrowth.
Fillers and artificial additives can exacerbate allergies and disrupt the microbiome.
One of the best ways to reduce your dog’s risk of yeast infections is to help them maintain a balanced diet that has only the nutrients they need for their unique health goals. Not sure where to begin? Your veterinarian can help you develop a diet plan if your dog is prone to these issues.
These conditions can be persistent and sometimes confusing, so it’s normal to have questions. These are some of the most frequently asked questions about yeast infections in dogs–along with clear and detailed answers–to help you on your journey:
No, yeast infections in dogs are not contagious to humans or other animals. The yeast species that commonly affect dogs (Malassezia pachydermatis) is specific to canines and is part of their normal skin flora. Unlike conditions like ringworm or certain bacterial infections, yeast infections can’t be passed from dog to dog, or dog to human, through contact.
Mild infections: Topical treatments often resolve symptoms within 2–4 weeks if used as directed.
Severe or chronic infections: Oral antifungal medications might be required in sever cases, and can take several weeks or months to fully eliminate the infection.
Thickened Skin: Repeated infections can cause permanent changes to the skin, making it more prone to irritation.
Hearing Loss: Persistent yeast infections in the ears can damage the eardrum and inner ear structures.
-Secondary Infections: Chronic yeast overgrowth can pave the way for bacterial infections, which may be more difficult to treat.
Reduced itching and redness
Less discharge from ears or other affected areas
Skin returning to a normal color and texture
Decrease in foul odor
Widespread inflammation and irritation
Increased risk of secondary bacterial infections
Damage to the skin barrier, making future infections more likely
Educating yourself about yeast infections in dogs can empower you to make informed decisions about your pet’s health. If you’re interested in learning more, there are more resources and references you can explore.
Veterinary Dermatology Journals: Articles like “The Role of Malassezia in Canine Skin Diseases” offer in-depth insights into the causes and treatments of yeast infections.
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): Visit avma.org for general pet health information.
Vetnique Pet Health Resources: Vetnique’s collection of articles and guides on pet care provides actionable advice for managing yeast infections and other conditions.
Books on Canine Health: Titles like The Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook by Debra M. Eldredge offer practical tips for managing common canine health issues.
Yeast infections in dogs are common, but easily manageable with the right care. By recognizing the signs early, maintaining good hygiene, and offering a balanced diet, you can prevent yeast overgrowth and keep your dog healthy and comfortable.
If you suspect a yeast infection or notice recurring symptoms, consult your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. With consistent care, you can help your dog overcome yeast infections and prevent them from returning.
Remember, every dog is unique! What works for one may not work for another. Partnering with your vet and staying proactive about your dog’s health is the best way to help them lead a happy, comfortable life.
